Northwestern calculates GPA based on a standard 4.0 scale, with additional options depending on the course and circumstances. When signing up for classes, students may have the option to take a course Pass/Not Pass (P/N), which will not affect GPA and can only be counted as elective credit. Northwestern University expects students to finish their coursework on time or remove themselves by dropping or withdrawing. When situations outside a student’s control arise that prevent timely course completion, students may request an incomplete grade in courses they have substantially completed (at least 50%, including any requirements of attendance or engagement), contingent on approval from their instructor and the Undergraduate Dean.